However, data on Kenyans of African descent is inadequate. These anthropometric studies were performed by means of using direct manual methodology, such as spreading and sliding calipers, and have permitted the evaluation of numerous craniofacial measurements in various ethnic groups. Over the years, the appropriateness of these canons has been tested in other ethnic groups including Indian, African-American, Turkish, Vietnamese, Thai, and Chinese populations. The first study to test the pertinence of neoclassical facial canons included samples of 6-, 12-, and 18-year-old North American Caucasians. Many patterns of growth, development, and treatment changes may be recorded with good levels of precision using anthropometry. The anthropometric data in terms of linear measurements, angular measurements, and proportional values described may serve as a database for facial analysis in the Kenyan-African population. ConclusionsĪnthropometric measurements of NAW showed clear differences when compared with the Kenyan population, and variations exist with comparative AA data. Neoclassical canons did not apply to the Kenyan population. Differences were observed in comparison with AA subjects, but less marked. All vertical measurements obtained were significantly different compared with NAW. Significant differences between both Kenyan males and females were detected in forehead height (~ 5 mm greater for males, ~ 4.5 mm for females), nasal height (reduced by ~ 4 mm in males, ~ 3 mm in females), nasal width (8–9 mm greater), upper lip height (> 3 mm), and eye width (greater by ~ 3 mm) compared to NAW subjects. Descriptive statistics of the variables were computed for the study population. The data were compared with AA and NAW populations, and neoclassical canons. Twenty-five direct facial anthropometric measurements, and 4 angular measurements, were taken on 72 Kenyan-African participants (age range 18–30 years) recruited at the University of Nairobi in Kenya. The purpose of this investigation was to determine normative anthropometric craniofacial measurements and proportional relationships for Kenyans of African descent and to compare the data with African Americans (AA), North American Whites (NAW), and neoclassical canons. There is no normative craniofacial anthropometric data for the Kenyan-African population.
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